January 11, 2008 10:48
Dark Matter Made Visible (sort of)

Magenta-colored areas represent the presence of invisible dark matter that surrounds clusters of galaxies/NASA, ESA, C. Heymans (University of British Columbia, Vancouver), M. Gray (University of Nottingham, U.K.), M. Barden (Innsbruck), the STAGES collaboration, C. Wolf (Oxford University, U.K.), K. Meisenheimer (Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg), and the COMBO-17 collaboration
A couple of days ago, I blogged on a cosmic optical illusion, and said (or should have said) that it's not just bizarre; the phenomenon of gravitational lensing is also useful in all sorts of ways for probing the unseen universe.
The image above (another one released at this week's American Astronomical Society meeting) is a perfect example. by Meghan Gray, of the University of Nottingham in the U.K., and Catherine Heymans of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver led a team that started out with a ground-based image of the Abell 901/902 supercluster of galaxies—that is, a lot of clusters clumped together into a giant agglomeration (most of the bright spots you see are galaxies, not stars).
Then they used the Hubble to measure the precise shapes of galaxies, not in the supercluster, but in the background. Gravitational lensing subtly distorts those more-distant galaxies' shapes—and by measuring the precise warping of some 60,000 of them, calculated the distribution of whatever foreground mass was doing the distorting. Most of that is dark matter, which they tinted magenta so we could see where it is.
The main idea was to understand how dark matter affects the growth and evolution of superclusters—but for most of us, the simple fact that so much dark matter is out there , demonstrated so amply here and in the closeup below, is reason enough to be humbled by the remarkable grandeur of the universe.
My two cents, anyway.

Closeup of the above/NASA, ESA, C. Heymans (University of British Columbia, Vancouver), M. Gray (University of Nottingham, U.K.), M. Barden (Innsbruck), the STAGES collaboration, C. Wolf (Oxford University, U.K.), K. Meisenheimer (Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg), and the COMBO-17 collaboration
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TIME contributing writer Michael D. Lemonick fills you in on what's hot, what's cool, what's controversial and what's just plain silly in the world of science. Comments encouraged.
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Reader Comments (18)
Where's the phlogiston, please? Perhaps if you would consider, with an open and unbiased mind, the possibility of an electrically charged universe then you would not need to resort to "dark matter" to explain your observations. Even in this so-called modern age of enlightenment, it seems that nothing so advances the cause of science as the death of old scientists!
--Hmm. Since the existence of dark matter is deduced by the motions of galaxies but also of objects within galaxies, and you're proposing that it's electric attraction, could you tell us which objects are postiviely charged and which negatively? I think you'll run into a big problem very quickly if you try and explain that.
M.L.
Posted by Tom Kuzma | January 14, 2008 5:53 PM
Indeed, M.L. If there is another, better explanation waiting to be discovered, I don't believe it will be an "electric charge" theory.
--Nor do I.
M.L.
Posted by sonny | January 15, 2008 3:52 PM
I’m no physicist and this comment will reflect that. I have an amateur’s interest in the science of the very large and very small. As I read about dark matter, which cannot seem to be detected except by gravity, I am struck that this could be the same way matter in one of the “extra” dimensions postulated by string theory might appear to us. If there are extra dimensions, and there is matter in them, we might see that matter as “Dark”, influencing our common 3 spatial dimensions only through gravity. The string theory dimensions are supposed to be folded so we cannot experience them. Nevertheless, it seems just one entire dimension would be a great place to hide matter, and exotic types of energy for that “matter”.
Posted by John | January 18, 2008 1:47 PM
Excuse me for offering yet another theory; just because you can not see it doesn't mean it is not there.
What are the chances of matter existing outside this single universe. So the Universe is an exploded black hole (via Steven Hawking) and the Universal expansion is due to the pull of outside universal matter or the pull from alternate dense universes which are both corporally and temporally existing beside our own. A new universe only needs citical gravition/mass of a black hole to explode.
Light has a finite speed, so until we find a new method of observation (which is not recommended due to temporal distortion) we should invest astronomy in charting the inner asteroid belt and the Kuper belt/oort cloud objects.
Posted by William Courtland | January 25, 2008 2:03 AM
If you must play in at a Universal level, why not attempt to extrapolate the distance of extra-universal objects based on observed changes in the age-chart of the known universe, I guess the center would need to be found first..?
Posted by William Courtland | January 25, 2008 2:14 AM
Just some far distant mass objects for all those photons to rush to; well, at least for those release after that first big bang.
Posted by William Courtland | January 25, 2008 3:11 AM
I'm sorry, but your theories are so filled with incorrect assumptions that I hardly know where to begin.
M.L.
Posted by Michael Lemonick | January 25, 2008 7:41 PM
Hmmm. Exactly what would the correct assumptions be?
Posted by JHCarp | January 28, 2008 2:05 PM
There is another, better explanation discovered.
I have found that scientists have mixed up angular velocity and orbital speed.
The spiral galaxies are not stiff plates.
When the outer stars orbits one round, the stars at half of the galaxy’s radii moves two rounds.
But they have both the same speed.
And as there are two galaxy-arms you shall calculate with half of Newton’s gravity law.
Conclusion: the gravitation and centrifugal acceleration are in equilibrium.
More interesting discoveries at: http://www.theuniphysics.info
Posted by Ingvar Astand
|
January 28, 2008 5:53 PM
I wrote too fast and missed the important point:
Tat is: We don't need dark matter to understand the galaxies' flat rotation curves.
Posted by Ingvar Astand
|
January 28, 2008 6:05 PM
Go read a few books on cosmology. Then we'll talk.
M.L.
Posted by Michael Lemonick | January 29, 2008 7:34 PM
Scientists have mixed up angular velocity and orbital speed, have they? But Ingvar Astand to the rescue.
You'll have to forgive me if I don't leap to attention. But I urge everyone to visit the website to see for themselves.
M.L.
Posted by Michael Lemonick | January 29, 2008 7:39 PM
OK ML...I've read a few, so have we all. Still cannot see your point...if there is one let us know. Somehow I think you will just have another insult.
Posted by JHCarp | January 29, 2008 10:57 PM
My point is that the "theory" presented here is not even wrong, with apologies to Pauli. So you were right.
Posted by Michael Lemonick | January 30, 2008 8:02 AM
In light of your back and forth banter, I thought this was amusing. Today I was reading the newest post on the Art Center Global Dialogues Blog (http://blog.globaldialogues.eu/) discussing astronomer David Hughes and cosmologist Fontini Markopolou, who will be taking part in the conference in March in Barcelona. They basically sum up what we know about space like this: "It is only relatively recent that certain breakthroughs have disclosed the uncomfortable truth: we actually know only a fragment of what we thought we did. Rather, like walking into the saloon, shooting one bad cowboy and ordering a whisky. Only to turn around and see 30 more have just come through the swinging doors behind you."
Posted by shaufrect | February 7, 2008 6:26 PM
"But I urge everyone to visit the website to see for themselves."
I did and it's hilarious. It reminds me of some crackpots that I used to tutor when I was a graduate student. As long as they were paying me, I was willing to listen to their delusions.
But, as a former graduate student in Plasma Physics, and later Astrophysics, I wouldn't be so quick to dismiss the idea that electromagnetic forces are significant in explaining the large-scale structure of the universe.
Posted by Malcolm | February 29, 2008 6:03 AM
speed=distance/time .Dark matter is only needed if time is constant through out the galaxy. It is well excepted that a gravitational field changes the time constant. From our position in the galaxy we should observe stars closest to the center moving much slower than they are in order to maintain their orbit. Due to the time dialation caused by the black hole at the galactic center we may need hours to observe seconds of movement. As you move out from the center the time density changes so that at the outer edges of the galaxy are observed to be moving faster. example(we watch a star on the outer edge for an hour and observe two hours of its motion compressed to our time frame).
to find the true speed of stars orbiting the galaxy you need a time dialation map of the galaxy. This map can be created by comparing the observed speeds with the speeds needed to match the gravitational curve and then charting the changes in the time constant inorder to match the bring make the observed curve match the actual gavitation curve.
This map is very significant because it will prove that the earth does not exist in the same time frame as the universe itself. That would make the fabric of the universe much older than we ever imagined as well as extend the lifespan of a galaxy.
Posted by livephenox | March 6, 2008 2:05 PM
correction
To find the true orbital speeds of the stars orbiting the galaxy you need a time dialation map of the galaxy. This map can be created by calculating difference between the observed speeds with speeds needed to match the gravitational curve and then charting the changes to the time constant. This will eventualy lead to the dicovery of true time that permeates unwarped deep space.
Posted by livephenox | March 6, 2008 2:37 PM